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A carve turn is a skiing term, used to refer to a turning technique in which the ski shifts to one side or the other on its edges. In this case, the ski turns itself and is driven by the sidecut geometry while losing no speed, unlike a normal parallel turn. Starting a carved turn requires the ski to be rotated onto its edge, which can be accomplished through small movements of the hips and knees. This motion is very easy to apply to both skis at the same time, and carving is a naturally parallel technique. Carving turns are generally much smoother and longer than stemming, and keep the skis along the direction of travel as opposed to angled across it. Both of these reasons means that carved turns require far less effort than stemming for the same given amount of control over the descent. However, the technique is not simple to learn, at least before the introduction of "shaped skis" in the 1990s. Since that time, it has become increasingly common to teach carving as a form of parallel skiing, as opposed to the "classic" parallel technique.〔A basic explanation of the carving concept can be found in this . Note that the skier's body rotates along with the turn, and that snow is kicked up, when it is, along the entire length of the ski. In this companion video, , the difference between the classic skidding turn and carving is directly illustrated. Carved turns are now often used as a training technique for even the first-time skier, an example of this method can be found in the YouTube video on .〕 Modern downhill technique is generally a combination of carving and skidding, varying the ratio between the two when rapid control over the turn or speed is required. However, pure carving and pure stemming are used in certain circumstances. Pure carving is a useful technique on slopes of moderate steepness and smooth snow—"groomer carving" is widespread and there are skis dedicated to this style. Likewise, competitive mogul skiing remains an almost pure parallel Christie technique, although the turn initiation is aided by the moguls themselves. ==History== Shaped skis, also called parabolic skis, make carve turns possible at low speeds and with short turn radius. They were first developed in 1988 by Jurij Franko in Slovenian ski producing company Elan who calculated a suitable flex pattern for new kind of skis with his colleague Pavel Skofic. They organized a project dubbed SideCut Extreme – SCX – and set out to build prototypes. Shaped skis were almost unheard of until the early 1990s, when skiers began noticing certain advantages to the deeper sidecuts of snowboards, especially alpine snowboards, and the carving ability that this shape offered over the traditionally-shaped ski. Skis of this new shape have since become the most common, and in many areas, the only kind of recreational ski available. The idea of shaped skis was formed by approaching the occurrence of skidding from a different perspective. Two basic assumptions were applied: that the ski would bend when edged (edging is the angling of the ski running base with the snow surface) only to the point where the ski's center came in contact with snow surface. The ski would not skid only when all the points of the edge of the ski traveled through the same point on the snow surface. If radius of a turn is chosen together with edge angle, calculation of sidecut (intersection of snow and ski surface) was relatively easy. The final result was radical parabolic sidecut. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Carve turn」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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